Gynecological Problems
Understanding Common Gynecological Problems
The page covers Fibroid Uterus, Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB),
Adenomyosis and Ovarian Cyst.
Fibroid Uterus
Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus (womb).
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)
DUB is abnormal menstrual bleeding without a structural problem like fibroid or tumor.
Adenomyosis
A condition where the inner lining of the uterus grows into the muscle wall of the uterus.
Ovarian Cyst
A fluid-filled sac that develops in the ovary.
Fibroid Uterus
What is a Fibroid?
Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus (womb).They are very common in women between 25–50 years.
Fibroids are not cancer, but they can cause symptoms depending on size and location.
Common Symptoms
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Prolonged periods
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Lower back pain
- Difficulty getting pregnant (in some cases)
- Abdominal swellin
Surgery Options
1. Myomectomy
- Only fibroid removed
- Uterus preserved
- Suitable for women planning pregnancy
2. Hysterectomy
- Removal of uterus
- Permanent solution
- Suitable when family is complete
3. Laparoscopic Surgery
- Keyhole method
- Smaller scars
- Faster recovery
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)
What is It?
DUB is abnormal menstrual bleeding without a structural problem like fibroid or tumor.
It is usually due to hormonal imbalance.
Symptoms
- Heavy bleeding
- Irregular periods
- Bleeding between cycles
- Long duration of periods
- Weakness due to blood loss
Treatment Options
1. Medical Treatment
- Hormonal tablets
- Iron supplements
- Injections or hormonal therapy
2. Minor Procedures
- Endometrial ablation (selected cases)
3. Surgery (if severe & not responding)
- Hysterectomy (in selected cases)
Most cases improve with medicines.
Adenomyosis
What is Adenomyosis?
A condition where the inner lining of the uterus grows into the muscle wall of the uterus.
It causes painful and heavy periods.
Symptoms
- Severe menstrual cramps
- Heavy bleeding
- Pelvic pain
- Enlarged tender uterus
- Pain during intercourse
Treatment Options
1. Medicines
- Pain relief tablets
- Hormonal therapy
2. Hormonal Device (IUCD)
- Reduces heavy bleeding
3. Surgery
- Hysterectomy (permanent solution for severe cases)
Ovarian Cyst
What is an Ovarian Cyst?
A fluid-filled sac that develops in the ovary.
Many cysts are harmless and disappear on their own.
Symptoms
- Lower abdominal pain
- Irregular periods
- Bloating
- Sudden severe pain (if cyst ruptures or twists)
When to Worry?
- Severe abdominal pain
- Vomiting
- Fever
- Large cyst (>5–6 cm)
- Persistent cyst for many months
Surgery Options
1. Laparoscopic Cyst Removal
- Keyhole surgery
- Only cyst removed
- Ovary preserved
2. Open Surgery
- For very large cysts
Most ovarian cysts are benign (non-cancerous).